Mobile commerce receipt system

ABSTRACT

A mobile commerce receipt system and method providing a user of a mobile telecommunications terminal with a reliable electronic proof of reservation, purchase and/or payment made. By e-commerce means, the user places an order with a vendor or merchant and makes electronic payment. The vendor issues an electronic contract, sending the contract to a Trusted Third Party (TTP) receipt server. The TTP validates the contract, generates an electronic, digital receipt which is to sent the vendor. The vendor sends the receipt to the mobile terminal of the user, the mobile terminal storing the receipt for subsequent presentation at the point of delivery of the ordered goods or services.

This application is the U.S. national phase of international application PCT/SE01/00975 filed 04 May 2001, which designated the U.S.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The invention relates to the field of mobile telecommunications services, particularly a system, and a method for use in said system, for providing to a user of mobile telecommunications a receipt or proof confirming a purchase, payment and/or other e-commerce transaction made by the user.

BACKGROUND

Mobile e-commerce can be defined as commerce for mobile users made available via mobile devices such as mobile phones, PDAs (Personal Data Assistant), palmtop, etc. The mobile user has the possibility to do shopping, ticketing, banking, betting, trading via his mobile phones.

In web commerce goods, except electronic ones or services, are usually delivered later on. With mobile e-commerce, the user should be able to access the same commerce services with postponed delivery as the web but in addition, he must be able to access commerce services with short time delivery. For example, a user when on the move and thirsty, wants to get the soft drink from the automat right after having paid via his mobile phone. Another mobile user when visiting a city and wanting to see a movie expects to be able to collect the ticket at least before the beginning of the show.

In such situations, the entity performing the actual delivery, that could be a human being or a machine, needs to receive the authorisation for delivery quite rapidly. In addition, as in the case of the cinema ticket, the user needs to receive some sort of electronic receipt that he shows to the delivery entity to get the cinema ticket. Such an electronic receipt must fulfil the requirements:

-   -   It needs to be recognisable by the delivery entity     -   It can be used as a proof to show that the holder of the receipt         has made the purchase and that the ordered goods and/or services         can be delivered to the holder     -   It cannot be falsified     -   It cannot be duplicated or used twice

Accordingly, there is a need for a receipt system in mobile e-commerce.

International patent publication number WO99/66436 discloses an electronic verified payment system (VPS) comprising a distributed verified trusted third-party system and method enabling electronic/digital transactions through real-time verification and authentication. The VPS includes hubs storing client data and connecting clients, such as users of mobile phones, palm-tops and digital television, to vendors to mediate secure electronic transactions. International patent publication number WO98/43211 discloses a digital payment transactions system wherein a broker generates and stores a secret number to be the start number for a chain of hash values by successive operations of a hash function. The values are associated with coins in a coin stick provided by the user, enabling secure payments in subsequent electronic transactions involving payments. Other systems and/or methods for electronic payments, of which some utilise a third party or a mediator, are disclosed in EP-A1-0865010, WO99/46720, U.S. Pat. No. 5,999,596, WO99/49404 and EP-A1-0971302. None of these, however, provide the user with a specific and reliable proof of the transaction made.

Other known systems for purchasing cinema tickets by telecommunication means, such as the one offered by Telenor Mobile in Norway, have only a very primitive scheme for receipt. After that the user confirms the acquisition of the tickets by entering through a telephone his PIN (Personal Identification Number) code, the user will receive a code, e.g. a 4 or 6 digit number. To collect his cinema tickets, the user presents the code at the ticket window. The ticket window attendant then compares the code presented by the user with one received from the system. If they match, then the attendant is authorised to hand out the purchased tickets to the user.

An example of an existing mobile e-commerce is depicted in FIG. 1. The user uses a mobile phone equipped with a browser, e.g. a WAP (Wireless Application Protocol) browser or a SIM (Subscriber Identification Module) Application toolkit browser, etc. allowing the user to browse on the World Wide Web via a gateway. The gateway can be a WAP gateway, an SMS (Short Message Service) gateway or any specific server capable of communicating with the browser on the mobile phone. The user visits a merchant's or vendor's web site. He contemplates the offers and selects the items that he wants. He pays for them through a payment scheme. The payment scheme may be for example based on a prepaid account, a credit or debit card or a bank account. He receives from the merchant a code that he can present when collecting the purchased items.

Such a system is simple but relies totally on the reliability of the merchant's system. It is only satisfactory if the delivery entity gets both the correct code and the correct information about the ordered tickets, e.g. theatre, movie, seats, etc. Otherwise, the user s will not receive the tickets that he has paid for. In case of failure, the user has only a code that is insufficient to prove that he has bought the tickets. Of course he will not be charged for the tickets in such a situation but this is not what he wants. It is quite frustrating not be able to watch the movie that one likes and has paid for.

As stated above, the current solution with a simple code is not sufficient since the user has to rely totally on the reliability of a vendor or merchant, and her/his system. Although the merchant may be honest and does not have the intention to play tricks on the user, if a fault occurs in his system the user will not get delivered the goods or services that actually has been bought, and usually paid for. Also, a mismatch between the ordered goods or services and what is actually delivered to the user can occur.

SUMMARY

Ideally, a contract stating all the details of the deal, i.e. the goods and/or services ordered, prices and quantity, etc. should be signed digitally by the merchant and then sent to the user mobile phone for local storing in the phone. At the delivery counter, the user can connect his phone via for example a cable, a socket or wireless using Bluetooth or IEEE 802.11 to the delivery system and hand over the signed contract. The delivery entity verifies the signed contract and if valid delivers the goods and/or services to the user.

To realise such an ideal solution, certain adaptations of the existing technology should be made to meet the demands of the ideal solution. Aspects to consider in this regard are:

-   -   A detailed digital contract is rather large and the mobile phone         may not have sufficient storage capacity for storing multiple         contracts, which is necessary when the user buys several items.     -   If the mobile phone is broken or stolen the user will loose all         his contracts and hence may also loose all his purchase. Of         course, the user can always claim to the merchant but it's up to         the merchant to decide.     -   The delivery entity must have sufficient capability to verify         rapidly the digital contract and this could be unacceptable from         the economical point of view.     -   In some situations, the merchant having the deal with the user         may not be the same as the delivery entity and a contract         showing all the details about the user, address, prices, etc.         may be inappropriate since the user's privacy can be a concern.

The present invention provides an arrangement for providing mobile commerce receipts to e-commerce users.

A method of providing a mobile telecommunication terminal (MTT) of a customer entity (CE) with a reliable simpler electronic proof of a reservation, purchase and/or payment being made by the CE by means of an e-commerce arrangement, including the steps of:

-   -   making, by the CE, a goods or service specifying electronic         reservation, purchase and/or payment with a merchant entity         (ME),     -   generating, in the ME, a transaction record (TR) on basis of the         reservation, purchase and/or payment, and, on basis of the TR,         an electronic contract (EC) including an identity (ID) of the         ME,     -   transferring a copy of the EC from the ME to a trusted third         party entity (TTPE),     -   generating, in the TTPE, a verified EC (VEC) on basis of a         verification of the ID of the ME included in the EC, and a         simpler electronic receipt (SER) on basis of the VEC,     -   transferring a copy of the SER from the TTPE to the ME, and     -   transferring a copy of the SER from the ME to the MTT.

A method of using a simpler electronic receipt (SER) generated by a trusted third party (TTPE) and provided to a mobile telecommunication terminal (MTT) of a customer entity (CE) who has made an electronic reservation, purchase and/or payment by means of an e-commerce arrangement, for claiming a reserved, purchased and/or paid goods or service, including the steps of:

-   -   presenting the SER to a delivery entity (DE) by transferring a         copy of the SER from the MTT to the DE,     -   transferring a copy of the SER from the DE to the TTPE,     -   generating, in the TTPE, a validated SER (VSER) on basis of a         transaction record (TR) of a corresponding reservation, purchase         and/or payment, and a validated and verified specification of a         goods or service on basis of the VSER and the TR, and     -   transferring the validated and verified specification of a goods         or service from the TTPE to the DE.

A method of providing a simpler electronic receipt to a mobile telecommunication terminal (MTT) of a customer entity (CE) at making a goods and/or service reservation, purchase and/or payment by means of an e-commerce arrangement, and of using the SER for claiming the reserved, purchased and/or paid goods and/or service, the method including the steps of:

at the time of making the goods and/or service reservation, purchase and/or payment:

-   -   making, by the CE, a goods or service specifying electronic         reservation, purchase and/or payment with a merchant entity         (ME),     -   generating, in the ME, a transaction record (TR) on basis of the         reservation, purchase and/or payment, and, on basis of the TR,         an electronic receipt contract (EC) including an identity (ID)         of the ME;     -   at the time of claiming the goods and/or service reserved,         purchased and/or paid:     -   presenting the SER to a delivery entity (DE) by transferring a         copy of the SER from the MTT to the DE,     -   wherein at the time of making the goods and/or service         reservation, purchase and/or payment:     -   transferring a copy of the EC from the ME to a trusted third         party entity (TTPE), generating, in the TTPE, a verified EC         (VEC) on basis of a verification of the ID of the ME included in         the EC, and a simpler electronic receipt (SER) on basis of the         VEC,     -   transferring a copy of the SER from the TTPE to the ME,     -   transferring a copy of the SER from the ME to the MTT;     -   at the time of claiming the goods and/or service reserved,         purchased and/or paid:

transferring a copy of the SER from the DE to the TTPE,

-   -   generating, in the TTPE, a validated SER (VSER) on basis of a         transaction record (TR) of a corresponding reservation, purchase         and/or payment, and a validated and verified specification of a         goods or service on basis of the VSER and the TR, and     -   transferring the validated and verified specification of a goods         or service from the TTPE to the DE.

The TR may include: a CE identifier, a MTT identifier, a ME identifier, an identifier of a corresponding EC, a TR identifier, and optionally a goods and/or services specification.

The TR may further include at least one of the following: customer address, customer e-mail, MSISDN number of the mobile phone, credit card number and expiration date, merchant name and ID number, merchant address, merchant e-mail, date and time of contract, contract id, delivery place, earliest delivery date and time, latest delivery date and time, list of items with quantity for each item, unit price, part no and/or total amount paid.

Further steps may include:

-   -   converting, in the TTPE, at least a portion of the SER by         encryption before executing the step of transferring a copy of         the SER from the ME to the MTT; and     -   converting, in the TTPE, an encrypted portion of the SER by         decryption after executing the step of transferring a copy of         the SER from the DE to the TTPE.

Further steps for providing to the DE a confirmation of a completed delivery of a claimed goods or service may include:

-   -   transferring a delivery acknowledge request (DAQ) from the DE to         the MTT,     -   transferring a delivery acknowledge confirm (DAF) from the MTT         to TTPE,     -   validating, in the MTTE, the DAF, and     -   transferring an indicator of a valid DAF to the DE.

The SER may comprise a EC identifier and a TTPE identifier.

Transferring the SER to the DE may be accomplished by means of wire, a direct contact, infrared or a wireless link.

The wireless link may be a Bluetooth or IEEE 802.11 enabled link.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of an e-commerce system and the various procedures involved in its use.

FIG. 2 shows the overall architecture of a mobile e-commerce receipt system.

FIG. 3 is an illustration of information flow and the associated steps in a method.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In the following, the invention will be explained by way of embodiment examples and with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Referring to FIG. 2, the overall architecture of a mobile e-commerce receipt system is first explained. This system avoids the problems described above, and to at the same time to enable short time goods and/or services delivery that is usually required in mobile e-commerce. The system comprises the following entities:

-   -   Mobile phone with a browser     -   Gateway     -   Delivery entity terminal     -   Trusted Third Party receipt server     -   Merchant (Vendor) Server

A Trusted Third Party (TTP) receipt server is introduced between the user and the merchant. It acts like a neutral intermediary that gives equal protection to both parties, i.e. the user and merchant. In addition, it enables the short time delivery feature that is required in mobile e-commerce. Since the mobile phone may not have enough capacity for storing the contract, the TTP stores the contract on behalf of the mobile phone and the mobile user. Based on the contract, the TTP will issue and sign a simpler and smaller receipt that can be stored in the mobile phone. This digital receipt is then returned to the merchant's server that sends it to the mobile phone. The digital receipt is stored in the mobile phone and will be used at the delivery of goods and/or services.

Now, with reference to FIG. 3, the workings of the system is explained. As shown in FIG. 3, the system works as follows:

-   -   1. The mobile user browses on his mobile phone and visits a         merchant's web site. He selects the items that he wants and         makes an order.     -   2. The payment procedure is carried out. Note that different         payment schemes may be used according to the merchant's system         and the user's subscription, e.g. prepaid account, credit card,         debit card, bank account, etc.     -   3. The Merchant's server generates and digitally signs the         contract using the merchant private key. The contract may         contain the following attributes:         -   customer name         -   customer address         -   customer e-mail         -   MISDN number of the mobile phone         -   credit card number and expiration date(in case of payment by             credit card)         -   merchant name and ID number         -   merchant address         -   merchant e-mail         -   date and time of contract         -   contract id         -   delivery place (if necessary specify the delivery entities)         -   earliest delivery date and time (if necessary)         -   latest delivery date and time (if necessary)         -   list of items with quantity for each item, unit price, part             no         -   total amount paid

The contract is then sent to the TTP.

-   -   4. The TTP validates the contract to make sure that it is valid         and does originate from the corresponding merchant. The         validation is done using public key cryptographic functions. If         it is the case, the TTP will store it. Based on the digital         contract the TTP will then generate and sign a receipt using its         private key. This digital receipt may contain the following:         -   contract id         -   TTP id         -   TTP address

The TTP will then send it to the merchant's server.

-   -   5. The merchant's server sends the digital receipt to the user's         mobile phone that stored it.     -   6. At the delivery counter, the user connects his mobile phone         to the delivery entity's terminal. This can be done via a wire,         a direct contact, infrared or a wireless link such as Bluetooth,         IEEE 802.11, etc. The mobile phone hands over the digital         receipt to the delivery entity's terminal.     -   7. At this stage there are two alternatives depending on the         capability of the delivery entity's terminal:         -   a. It validates the digital receipt. If valid, it will fetch             the corresponding contract either from the merchant's server             or from a repository in order to find the list of purchased             items. Go over to step 9.         -   b. It is not capable to perform the validation of the             digital receipt by itself. It will then get in touch with             the TTP by using the address specified in the digital             receipt and send over the digital receipt for validation.     -   8. The TTP validates the digital receipt. If valid, the TTP will         fetch the corresponding contract by using the contract id         specified in the receipt. It will extract the list of purchased         items and send it together with an OK back to the delivery         entity terminal.     -   9. The purchased items are delivered to the user. The delivery         entity asks the user to acknowledge that he has received the         goods and/or services. This can be done via verbal communication         between the person in charge of the delivery or via the delivery         entity terminal that sends an acknowledge request to the mobile         phone via the link between the two devices.     -   10. The user acknowledges via his mobile phone that the goods         and/or services have been delivered to him. The mobile phone         sends an acknowledgement to the TTP. The acknowledgement can         simply be the digital receipt digitally signed by the mobile         phone using the user's private key.     -   11. The TTP validates the acknowledgement to make sure that it         does originate from the right user and is not modified. If         valid, the TTP will save it with the corresponding contract. The         TTP will then send an OK to the Delivery Entity terminal.

The trade is hence concluded.

The Trusted Third Party receipt server assumes the following responsibilities:

-   -   Ensure that the interests of both parties are equally protected     -   Store the contract for the user such that can be used in case of         dispute.     -   Issue a simpler receipt that can be used in the delivery phase     -   Certify that a trade is concluded successfully with a delivery         of goods and/or services

The Trusted Third Party receipt server has the following functions and capabilities:

-   -   receive and validate contracts signed by merchants     -   store and retrieve contracts     -   issue and digitally sign receipt based on the received contracts     -   validate digital receipts     -   validate acknowledgements     -   store and retrieve acknowledgements     -   have access to necessary cryptographic function in order to         perform signing, verification and validation of receipts and         acknowledgement

The Delivery Entity's terminal is located at every delivery counter. It assume the following responsibilities:

-   -   accept the digital contract and send it to the TTP for         validation     -   receive delivery information from the TTP     -   ask for delivery acknowledgement

The Delivery Entity's terminal has the following capabilities:

-   -   communication with the mobile phones     -   communications with the TTP and the merchant's server

Certain features of the communications can identified as:

-   -   between TTP and Merchant's server     -   between TTP and Delivery Entity's Terminal     -   between Delivery Entity's Terminal and Merchant's server     -   can go through secure channels on the Internet, i.e. encrypted         or through dedicated networks.

The communication between the mobile phone and the TTP goes through the mobile network, the gateway and the Internet.

The communication between the mobile phone and the Delivery Entity's terminal can be via a cable, a socket, or wireless via infrared, Bluetooth, IEEE 802.11.

Advantages

This invention has much merit:

-   -   It enables short time delivery that is required in mobile         e-commerce, while not requiring much capability either on the         mobile phone or the delivery entity's terminal     -   It provides adequate protection to the user. In case of failure         in the merchant's system, the contract digitally signed by the         merchant, which is stored by the TTP can be retrieved and used         as proof. In the case where the mobile phone is broken or stolen         the user does not loose the goods and/or services that he has         paid for. The privacy of the user is achieved in the sense that         information such as identity, personalia, credit card number,         bank account, etc. is not revealed at the delivery entity.     -   It provides adequate protection to the merchant. It ensures that         purchased items cannot be delivered twice since delivery         acknowledgements are stored by the TTP.     -   It is realisable without requiring much effort and resource. 

The invention claimed is:
 1. A method of providing a mobile telecommunication terminal (MTT) of a customer entity (CE) with a reliable electronic proof of a reservation, purchase or payment being made by the CE using an e-commerce arrangement, the method including the steps of: making, by the CE, an electronic reservation, a purchase or a payment with a merchant entity server (ME), said electronic reservation, purchase or payment specifying a goods or service, generating, in the ME, a ME transaction record (METR) on basis of the reservation, purchase or payment, and, on basis of the METR, an electronic contract (EC) including an identity (ID) of the ME, and an EC identifier not containing any information about the reservation, purchase or payment, transferring a copy of the EC from the ME to a trusted third party entity server (TTPE), generating, in the TTPE, a verified EC (VEC) on basis of a verification of the ID of the ME included in the EC, and an electronic receipt (SER) not containing any information about the reservation, purchase, or payment on basis of the VEC, transferring a copy of the SER from the TTPE to the ME, and transferring via a mobile a mobile network a copy of the SER from the ME to the MTT, wherein the SER comprises the EC identifier, a TTPE identifier, and a TTPE access address.
 2. The method of claim 1, including the further steps of: presenting the SER to a delivery entity (DE) by transferring a copy of the SER from the MTT to the DE, transferring a copy of the SER from the DE to the TTPE, generating, in the TTPE, a validated SER (VSER) on basis of a TTPE transaction record (TTPETR) of a corresponding reservation, purchase or payment, and a validated and verified specification of a goods or service on basis of the VSER and the TR, and transferring the validated and verified specification of a goods or service from the TTPE to the DE.
 3. The method of claim 1, including the further steps of: a1) at the time of making the goods or service reservation, purchase or payment: making, by the CE, a goods or service specifying electronic reservation, purchase or payment with a merchant entity (ME), generating, in the ME, a ME transaction record (METR) on basis of the reservation, purchase or payment, and, on basis of the METR, an electronic receipt contract (EC) including an identity (ID) of the ME; b1) at the time of claiming the goods or service reserved, purchased or paid: presenting the SER to a delivery entity (DE) by transferring a copy of the SER from the MTT to the DE, wherein a2) at the time of making the goods or service reservation, purchase or payment: transferring a copy of the EC from the ME to a trusted third party entity (TTPE), generating, in the TTPE, a verified EC (VEC) on basis of a verification of the ID of the ME included in the EC, and an electronic receipt (SER) on basis of the VEC, transferring a copy of the SER from the TTPE to the ME, transferring a copy of the SER from the ME to the MTT; and b2) at the time of claiming the goods or service reserved, purchased or paid: transferring a copy of the SER from the DE to the TTPE, generating, in the TTPE, a validated SER (VSER) on basis of a ITPE transaction record (TTPETR) of a corresponding reservation, purchase or payment, and a validated and verified specification of a goods or service on basis of the VSER and the TTPETR, and transferring the validated and verified specification of a goods or service from the TTPE to the DE.
 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the METR or the TTPETR includes: a CE identifier, a MIT identifier, a ME identifier, an identifier of a corresponding EC, a TR identifier, and optionally, a goods specification or a services specification.
 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the METR or the TTPETR further includes at least one of the following: customer address, customer e-mail, MSISDN number of the mobile phone, credit card number and expiration date, merchant name and ID number, merchant address, merchant e-mail, date and time of contract, contract id, delivery place, earliest delivery date and time, latest delivery date and time, list of items with quantity for each item, unit price, part no, and total amount paid.
 6. The method of claim 3, including that the further steps of: converting, in the TTPE, at least a portion of the SER by encryption before executing the step of transferring a copy of the SER from the ME to the MTT; and converting, in the TTPE, an encrypted portion of the SER by decryption after executing the step of transferring a copy of the SER from the DE to the TTPE.
 7. The method of claim 2, including the further steps for providing to the DE a confirmation of a completed delivery of a claimed goods or service: transferring a delivery acknowledge request (DAQ) from the DE to the MTT, transferring a delivery acknowledge confirm (DAF) from the MTT to TTPE, validating, in the MTTE, the DAF, and transferring an indicator of a valid DAF to the DE.
 8. The method of claim I, whereinthe SER comprises a EC identifier and a TTPE identifier.
 9. The method of claim 2, wherein transferring the SER to the DE is accomplished by means of wire, a direct contact, infrared or a wireless link.
 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the wireless link is a Bluetooth or IEEE 802.11 enabled link.
 11. The method of claim 2, wherein the EC constitutes the TTPETR.
 12. Apparatus for providing a mobile telecommunication terminal (MTT) of a customer entity (CE) with a reliable electronic proof of a reservation, purchase or payment being made by the CE using an e-commerce arrangement, comprising: a merchant entity server (ME) arranged to: make an electronic reservation, a purchase, or a payment with, said electronic reservation, purchase, or payment specifying a goods or service, generate a ME transaction record (METR) on basis of the reservation, purchase or payment, and, on basis of the METR, an electronic contract (EC) including an identity (ID) of the ME, and an EC identifier not containing any information about the reservation, purchase or payment, transfer a copy of the EC from the ME to a trusted third party entity server (TTPE), wherein the TTPE is arranged to generate a verified EC (VEC) on basis of a verification of the ID of the ME included in the EC, and an electronic receipt (SER) not containing any information about the reservation, purchase, or payment on basis of the VEC and transfer a copy of the SER from the TTPE to the ME, wherein the ME is arranged to transfer a copy of the SER from the ME to the MTT, and wherein the SER comprises the EC identifier, a TTPE identifier, and a TTPE access address.
 13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the MTT is arranged to present the SER to a delivery entity (DE) by transferring a copy of the SER to the DE, wherein the DE is arranged to transfer a copy of the SER from the DE to the TTPE, and wherein the TTPE is arranged to generate a validated SER (VSER) on basis of a TTPE transaction record (TTPETR) of a corresponding reservation, purchase or payment, and a validated and verified specification of a goods or service on basis of the VSER and the TR and to transfer the validated and verified specification of a goods or service from the TTPE to the DE.
 14. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein at the time of making the goods or service reservation, purchase or payment, the ME is arranged to received from the CE, a goods or service specifying electronic reservation, purchase or payment and to generate a ME transaction record (METR) on basis of the reservation, purchase or payment, and, on basis of the METR, an electronic receipt contract (EC) including an identity (ID) of the ME, and wherein at the time of claiming the goods or service reserved, purchased, or paid, the MTT is arranged to present the SER to a delivery entity (DE) by transferring a copy of the SER to the DE, and wherein at the time of making the goods or service reservation, purchase, or payment, the ME is arranged to transfer a copy of the EC to a trusted third party entity (TTPE); wherein the TTPE is arranged to generate a verified EC (VEC) on basis of a verification of the ID of the ME included in the EC, and an electronic receipt (SER) on basis of the VEC and to transfer a copy of the SER to the ME and the ME is arranged to transfer a copy of the SER to the MTT; wherein at the time of claiming the goods or service reserved, purchased, or paid, the DE is arranged to transfer a copy of the SER to the TTPE; wherein the TTPE is arranged to generate a validated SER (VSER) on basis of a TTPE transaction record (TTPETR) of a corresponding reservation, purchase, or payment, and a validated and verified specification of a goods or service on basis of the VSER and the TTPETR and to transfer the validated and verified specification of a goods or service to the DE.
 15. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the METR or the TTPETR includes: a CE identifier, a MTT identifier, a ME identifier, an identifier of a corresponding EC, a TR identifier, and optionally, a goods specification or a services specification.
 16. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the METR or the TTPETR further includes at least one of the following: customer address, customer e-mail, MSISDN number of the mobile phone, credit card number and expiration date, merchant name and ID number, merchant address, merchant e-mail, date and time of contract, contract id, delivery place, earliest delivery date and time, latest delivery date and time, list of items with quantity for each item, unit price, part no, and total amount paid.
 17. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the TTPE is arranged to convert at least a portion of the SER by encryption before executing the step of transferring a copy of the SER from the ME to the MTT and to convert an encrypted portion of the SER by decryption after executing the step of transferring a copy of the SER from the DE to the TTPE.
 18. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the SER comprises a EC identifier and a TTPE identifier.
 19. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the EC constitutes the TTPETR. 